Friday, February 24, 2012

Homework 2: Duct Sealing


                                        Homework 2: Duct sealing
Since we breezed right through the air sealing mentioned in the previous blog, let’s move on to duct sealing. One of the things that I neglected to mention in the previous post was that some of the processes I am describing for saving energy in your home are based on living in central Georgia. Climates with different humidity levels would certainly be handled somewhat differently, but for duct sealing it’s all one in the same. The more conditioned air you keep in your home and duct system the less your unit will run and the cost to heat and cool will go down.

If you’re anything like me the understanding of how exactly a heat pump air conditions your home is a big mystery. You turn it on, a miracle happens, and cool air comes out of the registers! Really I understand a little more than that, but for duct sealing you don’t need to understand how the magic happens, you simply need the will and a few materials.  A bucket of mastic, 24”zip ties (two for each connection), a razor knife, foil tape (not duct tape!), a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a box of disposable latex gloves. All of which can be purchased for less than $100 at Lowes or Home Depot, but I prefer my local hardware store.

I would be glad to go in great detail about how to seal each and every connection, but really you just remove each connection, clean with alcohol and coat with mastic. If you liked making mud pies as a kid you will have no problem duct sealing. There are some great videos on Youtube.com and wxtvonline.org that will lead you through the process step by step and it is a homeowner friendly job. By sealing your system you will prevent air leakage in to (and out of) your home even when the system is not running.

What you need to think about when doing this job is that the air moving through your duct system is inside the envelope of your home. When you have leaks you are mixing outside (unconditioned) air with the expensive air you have conditioned. When your duct system is in the crawl space you are mixing in damp, potentially moldy air. When it’s in the attic you are mixing in insulation particles and very hot air. And don’t for a minute think this applies only to older homes and systems. 10%-35% leakage in systems that were new or only a few years old is not uncommon; I’ve seen them first hand. To sum it up-If you don’t have mastic on all duct connections you are giving money away! Time to play in the mud!

Homework


                                                          
The first day of Spring is right around the corner! Now we can spend a little time outside instead of looking out the window and saying, “boy it looks cold out there”. As bad as I hate to admit it that is what happens at my house. I tolerate cold weather, but the novelty does wear off eventually and I hate it. So get outside and enjoy the warmer weather and when you have a little free time…how about some energy saving homework!

Rebates and incentives are available from the power companies to throw you in gear, but if you’re like me you would rather do it yourself and not have a stranger looking at your junk. I can only say that my wife is collecting stuff for a yard sale so many times before it begins to sound stupid even to me, so let’s minimize outside labor. Here is a good way to get started. Turn on every appliance that exhausts outside the “envelope” of your home. This would be bath fans, range hood and clothes dryer. This will put your home under negative pressure (more air going out than is coming in) similar to what a blower door will do, but on a smaller scale. With a lighted stick of incense in hand walk around your home and test areas you suspect air to infiltrate. Suspect areas would be:
1.       *Doors and windows.
2.       *Plumbing penetrations in cabinets.
3.      *Fireplaces.
4.       *Light switch and receptacles.
5.       *Attic access.
6.       *Whirlpool tubs and shower stalls. (this will be covered in another blog about     dealing with the giant hole under bath tubs)
7.       *Duct registers and return grills.
If you don’t like using the smoke, just use your face. The skin there is very sensitive and you will feel the air moving against it, but the smoke is a great visual aid.

If you choose to use spray foam to seal some of the leaks you find, be careful. It takes a little practice to not get it everywhere, and once it’s on your skin, you will wear it for a while. Latex caulk is much easier to use because you can wash away your mistakes. If you choose to caulk larger holes, go at it in stages by allowing the initial application to harden and apply in layers.

This is the basic premise of air sealing. It is a homeowner friendly sport and it will save you dollars. Keeping the conditioned air in your home is very important and will save you money. Insulation alone will not hold the air in your home; it will only filter the escaping/infiltrating air. I will add that an official blower door test is a good idea for everyone. This will insure that you home is not too tight, but it has been my experience in the hundreds of homes that I have tested that few are too tight! In a future blog I will cover homeowner friendly duct sealing, attic and knee wall sealing and large hole repair. Until then….enjoy the changing season!

Pneumonia Weather

Georgia is a weird place to live in the winter. It will be so cold one day that your heat pump will run almost non-stop only to be followed by several days of weather so warm you will be tempted to run the air conditioner. It’s what old timer’s call “pneumonia weather”. Of course we all know that changes in temperature won’t cause pneumonia, but it does make keeping your house comfortable a challenge and figuring out how to dress a nightmare! No worries really, it will be so hot here in a few months that this dilemma will seem like a bad joke.
Your view on why the earth is warming is undoubtedly tied to your political beliefs, but there is real evidence that it is, whether caused by man or God. I really don’t think this has anything to do with the mild weather we have had this winter because I’ve seen many just like this one over the years and truly believe it is just part of some kind of cycle. But how we react to this change defines us all.
I commented on a Facebook post this morning for the sole reason of getting in the thread of comments that will follow. Anybody that claims never to do this either doesn’t use Facebook much or is lying…or there is the remote chance that I’m just crazy. “I had to turn on the AC and its February” is how the comment read. I really don’t intend to pick on anyone personally because most of us live in homes of similar construction, but if after one day of 75 degree weather you have to turn on the air conditioner, your home has problems. It is obviously not properly maintaining enough of the heating or cooling you are pumping into it; if it were a cooler, you would throw it away. The power companies make it seem cheap on their itemized bill and I’ve overheard people brag about it. “Ten dollars a day to live in comfort is cheap”. Maybe, but what if you had to put ten dollars’ worth of ice in your refrigerator to store food? What if you did this even when it was below freezing outside? That doesn’t sound cheap and it’s really the same thing.

I understand that if I were not a man (at my advanced age) I would feel differently on the issue of air conditioning. The mercurial body temperature of women my age and older is truly a sight to behold. I’ve gotten up in the night and witnessed my wife on top of the covers, spread eagle looking like she was taking a break in the middle of making a snow angel. Sorry for that image, but I do try to understand. I’ve often thought that having cold flashes would have been a much nicer way to end ones reproductive cycle, but unfortunately I don’t make the rules. If I were to ask what menopausal women did before one-touch climate control, the answer would be either “who cares” or “go to hell” and both answers have merit. But why not simply open the window, turn on the ceiling fan, and shed some clothes! I believe getting up and turning down the thermostat (while cursing life and your oblivious spouse) often brings as much relief as the temperature change itself. But honestly even if you must have air conditioning during these times setting the thermostat in anticipation of these events is not going to help anything; it will only cost you money.

When I built my current home the builder told me that my new windows did not come with screens. “You have to order them separately and they cost extra” were his exact words. Like any other red blooded American man I like to save a dollar anyway I can and at the time I was happy that my builder had tried to do so by not ordering the screens. But after three years of the HVAC running during moderate weather (spring and fall) to keep the temperature at a constant level, I knew I had to make a change. I will credit my wife for my knowing that I needed to make this change, but regardless of the reason the change was made. Luckily my builder still had the screens in his warehouse and I got them for free. I noticed that the boxes had my name on them so I asked him again why he had not installed them on my home when it was built. He didn’t seem to remember the conversation we had about the extra cost and reluctantly told me that by leaving the house closed up tight I would have less sheetrock problems; fewer “nail pops”. So I’m paying the power company roughly ten dollars a day, on top of my mortgage, just to keep my house looking nice? Not anymore; not when I don’t have to.

Living in Georgia, I understand the amount of time that one can live comfortably with the windows open is short. The key to staying comfortable in your home is simply keeping the air that you paid to condition air inside your home. With proper air sealing and insulation (and ceiling fans only when you’re under them) you will eliminate many of the days when you run the heat at night and the air conditioning in the day. Think of your home as a cooler, the tighter and better insulated it is the less ice you will have to buy.

Much of the need for temperature control is rooted in psychology and what we perceive as comfortable. In the winter you run in to a home that his heated to 68 degrees and start shedding clothes, but set it to 78 degrees (the summer AC temperature) and it feels like a sauna! Set it to 68 degrees in the summer and you’ll watch television in a coat! Bear some of the responsibility and dress accordingly. Don’t you remember the first thing your mother told you when you complained of being cold? “Put some clothes on!

I know this is an over-simplification of energy usage and I meant it as such. I’ve taken many classes and I read books, articles and blogs on this topic whenever I get a chance.  Believe me when I say that fine tuning (and agreeing on) usage and savings is a science in itself. This is not a one size fits all topic and you will be second guessed at every corner. But a little here and a little there combined with a healthy dose of common sense will save you money and keep you comfortable.